Poe, a great 19th-century American author, was born on Jan 19, 1809, in Boston, Mass. Both his parents died when Poe was two years old, and he was taken into the home of John Allan, a wealthy tobacco exporter of Richmond, Va. Although Poe was never legally adopted, he used his foster father's name as his middle name.
After several years in a Richmod academy, Poe was sent to the
University of Virginia.
After a year, John Allan refused to give him more money,
possibly because of Poe's losses at gambling. Poe then had to leave
the university.
In 1827 he published, in Boston, Tamerlane and Other Poems. This
was the first volume of his poems, and was published anonymously. The
book made no money, and Poe enlisted in the United States Army under
an assumed name. After he served two years, his foster father arranged
for him to be honorably discharged and to enter the United States
Military Academy. But, within six months, Poe was dismissed because of
neglect of duty.
Poe then began to write stories for magazines. In 1831, he published
Poems by Edgar A. Poe, which he dedicated to the cadets of the
U.S. Military Academy. In 1833, he won a cash prize for the story
MS. Found in a Bottle.
In 1835, he jointed the staff of the
Richmond Magazine, Southern Literary Messenger. Within a year,
the circulation of the magazine increased seven times thanks to the
popularity of Poe's stories.
Poe, however, soon lost his job with the magazine because of his
drinking. In 1836, he married beautiful Virginia Clemm, the
13-year-old daughter of his aunt. The following year he lived in
New York City, and the next year he drifted to Philadelphia. There
he became associate editor of Burton's Gentleman's Magazine.
He contributed literary criticism, reviews, poems, and some of his
most famous stories to this magazine.
In 1840, Poe published Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque,
a two-volume set of his stories. As literary editor of Graham's
Magazine, he wrote the famous stories, A Descent into the Maelstrom,
and The Masque of Red Death. In 1843, Poe won a prize of his story
The Gold Bug. This story, along with such earlier tales as The
Purloined Letter and The Murders in the Rue Morgue, set the standard
of the modern detective story. He reached the heights of his fame in
1845 with his poem The Raven.
That same year he was appointed literary critic of the New York Mirror.
The long illness of Virginia Poe and her death in 1847 almost wrecked
Poe. His mental and physical condition grew steadily worse, and he tried
to commit suicide. Still, in 1848 and 1849 Poe was able to deliver a
series of lecture tours. He died in 1849 in Baltimore, and the notes
from his lectures were published posthumously in 1850, under the title
The Poetic Principles. The work, along with The Rationale of
Verse (1843) and The Philosophy of Composition (1846) ranks
among the best examples of Poe's literary criticism.
From childhood's hour I have not been
As others were; I have not seen
As others saw; I could not bring
My passions from a common spring.
From the same source I have not taken
My sorrow; I could not awaken
My heart to joy at the same tone;
And all I loved, I loved alone.
Then- in my childhood, in the dawn
Of a most stormy life- was drawn
From every depth of good and ill
The mystery which binds me still:
From the torrent, or the fountain,
From the red cliff of the mountain,
From the sun that round me rolled
In its autumn tint of gold,
From the lightning in the sky
As it passed me flying by,
From the thunder and the storm,
And the cloud that took the form
(When the rest of Heaven was blue)
Of a demon in my view.
Robert Frost
Mountain Interval
1916